1 Introduksi
1.1 Latar Belakang
Label nutrisi (Nutrition Facts / Information Nilai Gizi) adalah informasi gizi wajib di kemasan pangan kemasan, diatur oleh BPOM Per. 31/2018 di Indonesia, FDA 21 CFR 101.9 di US, dan EU Regulation 1169/2011 di EU. Konten mandatory: energi total, lemak total, lemak jenuh, kolesterol, natrium, karbohidrat total, gula tambahan, serat pangan, protein, plus vitamin/mineral selektif (vitamin D, kalsium, zat besi, kalium di US 2020 update).
Konversi dari proksimat analysis ke label format memerlukan: (i) per saji (serving size) definition, (ii) % Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) atau % Daily Value (%DV) calculation, (iii) rounding rules per regulator, (iv) disclosure threshold (mis. < 0.5 g rounded to 0, < 5 calories declared 0).
1.2 Tujuan Modul
- Menerima proksimat data (dari
Proximate Analysis Calculator) + serving size. - Menghitung energi total via Atwater factors (4-9-4 kcal/g).
- Menghitung % AKG (Indonesia) atau % DV (US/EU) untuk setiap nutrient.
- Menerapkan rounding rules BPOM, FDA, atau EU.
- Memformat label table siap cetak.
- Audiens: praktisi R&D label compliance, regulatory affairs, dietitian.
1.3 Posisi di Antara Alternatif
Pilih Nutrition Calculator / Nutrition Facts untuk label formatting + compliance. Untuk measurement proksimat alone, pakai Proximate Analysis Calculator. Untuk uji statistik antar batch, pakai Compare Many Groups. Untuk formulasi cost optimization, pakai Formulation Cost Optimization.
2 Metode
2.1 Dasar Teoretis
Energi (Atwater factors) (Atwater & Bryant, 1900; FAO/WHO, 2003):
Faktor: Protein 4 kcal/g, Lemak 9 kcal/g, Karbohidrat 4 kcal/g, Serat 2 kcal/g (Codex partial digestion). Alkohol = 7 kcal/g (untuk minuman beralkohol).
Konversi kJ: 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.
Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia 2019 (BPOM Per. 9/2016):
| Nutrient | AKG (orang dewasa 2150 kcal/day) |
|---|---|
| Energi | 2150 kcal |
| Protein | 60 g |
| Lemak total | 67 g |
| Lemak jenuh | 22 g |
| Kolesterol | 300 mg |
| Karbohidrat total | 325 g |
| Serat | 30 g |
| Gula | 50 g |
| Natrium | 2000 mg |
| Vitamin A | 600 µg RAE |
| Vitamin D | 15 µg |
| Vitamin E | 15 mg α-TE |
| Vitamin C | 90 mg |
| Kalsium | 1100 mg |
| Zat besi | 22 mg |
% AKG calculation:
$$\% \text{AKG}_i = \frac{\text{Content per serving}_i}{\text{AKG}_i} \times 100$$Rounding rules BPOM (selected):
| Nutrient | Rounding |
|---|---|
| Energi | ≤ 5 kcal → 0; > 5 → nearest 5 kcal |
| Lemak, Protein, KH | < 0.5 g → 0; 0.5–5 g → nearest 0.5; > 5 g → nearest 1 g |
| Lemak jenuh | < 0.5 → 0; 0.5–5 → 0.5; > 5 → 1 g |
| Sodium | < 5 mg → 0; 5–140 → nearest 5; > 140 → nearest 10 mg |
| Sugars | seperti karbohidrat |
Disclosure threshold: nutrient yang kurang dari threshold disebut "tidak signifikan sebagai sumber" atau di-display 0.
2.2 Persamaan Inti
- Energi: $4P + 9F + 4\,\text{CHO} + 2\,\text{Fiber}$
- % AKG: $\text{Content} / \text{AKG} \times 100$
- Rounding: per BPOM/FDA rules
- Conversion kJ: $\text{kcal} \times 4.184$
2.3 Asumsi & Batas Validitas
| Asumsi | Konsekuensi jika dilanggar | Cara cek di SQalytics |
|---|---|---|
| Proksimat data akurat | Label bias | Validate dengan lab |
| Serving size realistic | Misleading konsumen | Reference RACC FDA |
| Atwater factors applicable | Bias untuk product khusus (mis. polyols, alkohol) | Pakai factor spesifik |
| Rounding regulator-specific | Compliance issue | Pilih regulator yang tepat |
| Vitamin/mineral analyzed langsung | Bias bila by calc | Lab verification |
3 Cara Kerja
3.1 Step-by-Step di SQalytics
- Buka
Nutrition Calculator / Nutrition Factsdari domain Mutu dan Analisis Lanjutan. - Muat proksimat data (per 100 g basis) — dari
Proximate Analysis Calculator. - Input serving size (g atau mL).
- Pilih regulator format: BPOM Indonesia / FDA US / EU.
- (Opsional) Tambahkan vitamin/mineral data dari lab.
- Klik Generate Nutrition Label.
- Tinjau hasil: Tab
Label Preview— formatted table per regulator style; TabPer Serving + Per 100g— both columns; TabCompliance Check— minimum disclosure + rounding verification; Ekspor PDF/PNG label artwork.
3.2 Template Input + Contoh
Input proksimat (per 100 g biskuit cokelat):
| Component | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Energi | (calculated) | kcal |
| Protein | 9.2 | g |
| Lemak total | 21.2 | g |
| Lemak jenuh | 9.5 | g |
| Kolesterol | 25 | mg |
| Karbohidrat total | 58.3 | g |
| Gula tambahan | 22 | g |
| Serat pangan | 2.7 | g |
| Natrium | 380 | mg |
| Kalsium | 65 | mg |
| Zat besi | 2.5 | mg |
Serving size: 30 g (3 biskuit). Format: BPOM Indonesia.
docs/assets/example-data/id/quality-advanced/template_quality_nutrition.csv.
3.3 Contoh Luaran
INFORMASI NILAI GIZI
Takaran saji: 30 g (3 biskuit) · Jumlah saji per kemasan: 8
| Nutrient | Per Saji (30g) | % AKG* |
|---|---|---|
| Energi total | 140 kcal | 7% |
| Energi dari lemak | 60 kcal | — |
| Lemak total | 6 g | 9% |
| Lemak jenuh | 3 g | 14% |
| Kolesterol | 8 mg | 3% |
| Natrium | 115 mg | 6% |
| Karbohidrat total | 18 g | 6% |
| Gula | 7 g | — |
| Serat pangan | 1 g | 3% |
| Protein | 3 g | 5% |
| Kalsium | 20 mg | 2% |
| Zat besi | 0.75 mg | 3% |
*Persen AKG berdasarkan kebutuhan energi 2150 kkal. AKG Anda mungkin lebih tinggi atau lebih rendah.
Compliance check:
Formulation Cost Optimization untuk uji apakah reformulasi feasible cost-wise."4 Kesimpulan
4.1 Relevansi Real-World
- Regulatory compliance label semua produk pangan kemasan.
- Claim certification (rendah gula, tinggi serat, dst.).
- Reformulasi nutrition strategy — sodium reduction, sugar reduction.
- Health & wellness positioning — high protein, gluten-free claims.
- Export market compliance — international regulator format.
4.2 Where to Go from Here
⚙ Troubleshooting Cepat
i Riwayat Revisi
| Tanggal | Revisi | Penulis |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-05-12 | Draft v2 publikasi (Atwater + %AKG BPOM + rounding rules + APA BPOM/FDA/Codex) | Claude |
| 2026-05-12 | Konversi MD → HTML (W5 quality-advanced batch) | Claude |
4 Referensi
- Badan POM. (2016). Peraturan BPOM No. 9 Tahun 2016 tentang Acuan Label Gizi. Indonesia.
- Badan POM. (2018). Peraturan BPOM No. 31 Tahun 2018 tentang Label Pangan Olahan. Indonesia.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). 21 CFR §101.9: Nutrition labeling of food. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
- European Union. (2011). Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers. Official Journal of the European Union.
- Codex Alimentarius. (1997). Guidelines on nutrition labelling CAC/GL 2-1985 (Rev. 1-1993). FAO/WHO.
- Atwater, W. O., & Bryant, A. P. (1900). The availability and fuel value of food materials. USDA.
- FAO/WHO. (2003). Food energy: Methods of analysis and conversion factors (FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77). FAO.